Literature review简单来讲，就是文献综述。 如何写好文献综述，在科研学术中属于一个很重要的环节。 Literature Review就是我们常说的文献综述，可以是一篇单独的论文，也可以是一篇长论文中的一部分。 很多同学对于Literature Review的理解仅限于文献这两个字，认为写作Literature Review就是那一些文献资料堆砌起来，殊不知有这样的想法已经是进入误区。 掌握Literature Review写作对留学生写论文至关重要，因为Literature Review不仅决定了你的研究问题，还决定了后面部分的数据的查找和研究方法的选择。
1.介绍理论背景(theoretical framework)
在回顾具体的文献前，需要先介绍出你的research topic下的理论背景或模型，因为这是所有Iterature的基础。
2.介绍已有研究(existingliterature)
1.有重点
●这里注意，虽然是literature review, 但一 定不是文献的堆积,要be selective!
●选出最和你研究课题相关的4- 5篇文章重点回顾,其他的可以简略的说。
2.有层次!
不仅单篇文章重要，文章和文章之间的相互关系更重要!所以需要你对阅读的Iiterature进行归纳分类和比对。
●例可以把相同观点(或使用相同研究方法)的文章在一个段落介绍;
●同时要突出文献之间的冲突额!因为有了冲突感才能让文献回顾显得有层次，激发读者兴趣往’下读!
3.介绍research gap
已有的研究回观完了,就该展现你的研究了。也就是我们必须要回答的why you are doing what you are doing的问题。
♦现有研究存在哪些问题?
♦哪些还没有被研究到?
♦哪些文章你没有被它们的结论corvince
♦哪些地方你觉得需要被改进?
4.介绍当前的研究(the current study)
♦最后就可以很自然的引出你的study了.
♦这里是一个overview, 以及需要再次明确你的research aim.
♦这里应该和第三步的研究断层一致, 才能前后呼应。
[已有研究]
●Recent evidence suggests that..
●Extensive/Previous/Prior research has shown that..
●Previous research has established that..
●A series of recent studies have indicated that..
●Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on..
●There is a growing body of literature that investigates..
●Ample evidence exists to support the view/hypothesis that..
●Researchers have become increasingly interested in….
●….is an emerging research area in the field of..
[研究冲突]
●The extent to which..has remained controversial.
●Whether and the extent to which..determines the..is controversial.
●However, the extent to which the model o..influences..has been under much debate in the field f..o.me…where as some
●There appear to be discrepancies between some of the reported observations.
●The results on this question are mixed.
●Research on this issue presents conflicting findings.
●The literature on..is less consistent.
●There is far less consensus as to….
[Research gap] (缺少前人研究)
●While/Whist/Although some/extensive/a considerable body of research has been carried out 0n… much less is known about…
●To date, this problem has received ittle/scant attention in the research literature.
●The role of..in.is less certain/understudied/poorly understood.
●So far, however, there has been very itte discussion about..
●In contrast to., there is much less information about the effects of.
[Research gap] (前人研究缺陷)
●This seems to be a common problem in..
●The limitations of._are increasingly apparent
●The existing studies have many problems in.
●The exiting accounts fail to resolv/ardss….
●Half of the studies evaluated failed to speif…
[Research aim]
●This study/paper/essay is aimed a./provides an overview of./discusses the role of…in…/investiateii the factors that determine.
●The aim of this study is twofold.The first is …he second is to…
