–倒漏斗 (Reverse Funnel)
从一个较宽泛的领域层层递进，最终聚焦到自己所研究的领域:
Background→Research
Introduction架构
Background
Environmental background or research background.
Point out current problems
▼In some previous studies
What rescarch has been done on the problem?
Shortcomings of previous studies
▼Our solution to this defect
▼the advantages of
our solution
▼Article
structure
Introduction所包含的几个小点:
(1)一个“帽子”，指出当前的问题;当前研究的大背景是什么。在当
前的大背景下，需要解决的关键问题是什么。
(2)针对问题，目前的研究现状，说出目前的不足;
(3)针对当前的不足，提出我们的手段(关键点) ;
(4)针对我们提出的手段进行一些描述;
(5)对全文的精炼。
Introduction[10句话原则:
■第1句介绍背景: Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on..
■第2句关键术语的定义: While a variety of definitions of the term x have been suggested,this paper will use the definition first suggested by Smith(1 968)who saw it as….
■第3句主题的重要性: In the history of development eco nomics,x has been thought of as a key factor in..
或者研究主题的原因: Despite its long clinical sucess,X has a number of problems in use.However,these rapid changes are having a serious effect on..
■第4句强调先前研究的不足之处: Although extensive research has been carried out on x.no single study exists which.
■第5句简述你的方法: A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.
■第6句指示意义: The present research explores,for the first time,the effects of However,due to practical constraints,this Paper Cannot provide a comprehensive review of..
■第7句陈述: The main issues addressed in this paper are:a),b)and c).
■第8-10句文章结构的轮廓:This paper first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X; The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study;
The fourth section presents the findings of the research,focusing on the three key themes that..
1提及特定学者的研究成果
discussed in[3]and[6.]
X[4]and Y[3]indicate that…..
X et al.[1]argue that…..
One of the first examples … presented in[2].
Another/The latest solution is described in[3].
The results obtaine/offered by X in[5]suggest ….
Recently,several authorsI[),[5],[7]have proposed(a new thery….
X[2]and X[5]have demonstrated that…
A/The most interesting approach to this issue has been proposed by[2]..
1说明该领域过去研究较少
However,to the authors/authorsbest knowledge,very few publications can be found/are available in the literature that discuss/address the issue of….
To the . authofts/authorsknowee…has/have been scarcely investigated from the point of view the theoretical point of view.
