批判性思维的理念可以用两句话概括:
There is no absolute right绝对没有绝对正确的事情
There is no permanent right永远没有永远:正确的事情。
■任何事情都不能说绝对正确的
老外看问题非常辩证，认为学术上的观点只能说主流和非主流与否，但是绝对不能说是否绝对正确。
■如何运用批判性思维
◆批判性思维的一部分就包含了在阅读他人文章或书籍是要保持批判性。
首先要看很多文章。
留意哪位大神说了啥，哪位前辈没有讲到什么亦或是提出了什么疑问，都是批判性思维的起点。
告诉送大家一个学术界大神建议的tips,大家可以找文章中遗漏的点:
a )本文的主要思想是什么?
b)作者的论文(关键论点)是否有逻辑地、一步一步地发展?
c)文章中给出的例子有用吗?其他例子会更好吗?
d)作者是否有任何明显的偏见(主观意见或偏好)?
e)所提供的证据看起来可靠吗?为什么?
f)这个论点和我读过的其他论点相似吗?
g)我同意作者的观点吗?若否，原因为何？
给大家整理了一些能够很好组织批判性思维常用句式，帮助大家更好的进行批判性表达
惊艳教授的Critical thinking高分句式
critical thinking的本质就是要对些内容进行质疑，但是注意这不是否定，只是不一味的同意。
一.突出以往研究的不足
1.Most studies of X have only been carried out in a small
number of areas.
2.However, much of the research up to now has been
descriptive in nature..
3.The generalisability of much published research on this
issue is problematic.
4.Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to
limited comparisons of..
5.However, few writers have been able to draw on any
systematic research into…
二、提供建设性的建议
1.The study would have been more interesting if it had included….
2.These studies would have been more useful if they had focused n…
3.The study would have been more relevant if the researchers
had asked…
4.The questionnaire would have been more useful if It had asked par ticipants about..
5.The research would have been more relevant if a wider range of X had been explored
三、介绍特定作家的critical立场
1.The author challenges the widely held view that.–
- Smith (1999) takes issue with the contention that..
3.The idea that .. was first challenqed bv Smith (1992).
4.However Smith (1967) questioned this hypothesis and..
- Smith (1980) broke with tradition by raising thequestion of..
6.Jones (2003) has challenged some of Smith’s conclusions,
arguing that..
- .Another major criticism of Smith’s study, made byJones(2003), is that..
8.Jones (2003) is critical of the conclusions that Smith draws from his findings.
四、在单一的研究或论文中发现弱点
1.XXX to ful ly define what:
2.XXX fails to acknowledge the significance of :
3.The ma in weakness of the study is the fai lure to address how
4.The study fai to cons ider the differ ing categor ies of damage that:
5.The paper / author name fails to / makes no attempt to specify / quantify:
6./ compare .. separate .. use a standardi zed method of:
▲简单来说就是，去质疑很多人认为的正常观点,把你看到的观点中的问题提出来,然后为了解决这个问题，就需要对这个观点更全面的阐述，这样会产生一
个更精准更全面的答案，而最终得出的这个答案就是整个批判性思维的过程。
