This note describes the standard format template for paraphrase paraphrase in English academic writing and gives examples for reference.
Paraphrase has two forms of expression within the text
Author’s family name (year of publication) verb Paraphrased ideas.
Depending on the author and the amount of literature cited, the exact writing style will vary, see Figure 1-3.
Paraphrased opinion (Author’s family name, year of publication).
Depending on the author and the number of citations, this will vary, see Figure 4-6.
Use the first form more often if you want to make up the word count.
It is better to use both forms of paraphrase in essay writing, otherwise it will cause reading fatigue.
1.1 Single – author (single document)
One template
Author’s family name (year of publication)verb Paraphrased ideas
–example
Henninger (2016) firstly proposed a comprehensive definition of SFC.
1.2 Two authors (single document)
–Template
Author A’s family name and Author B’s family name (year of publication) verb paraphrased ideas
–Example
Min and Ko (2017) founded that the SFC concept and SFC industry only emerged in China in 2015.
1.3 Three and more authors (single document)
–Template
First author’s family name et al. (year of publication) verb paraphrased ideas
–Example
Castro-L6pez et al. (2021) concernedchi SFC with the environmental harms caused by clothing production.
1.4 Comprehensive authors (multiple publications)
Template
Surname of author(s) of document A (year of publication of document A).
Literature B author’s surname (year of publication of Literature B), and
and
Author(s) of document X (year of publication of document X).
Verb paraphrased ideas
An example
Henninger et al. (2016), Blazquez et al. (2020) and Castro-Lopez et al. (2021) decided the concept of SFC then emerges,but is explained by the three concepts of eco-fashion, ethical fashion and green fashion together.
▲In the first form note that.
! In case of multiple documents, the authors’ surnames are sorted according to the year of the document from oldest to newest! For example… In the example above
In the example above, the authors are sorted by 2016, 2020,2021.
! Document X is the last of your documents, usually the most recent.
! Use commas between authors of different documents.
. ! and is added before the last author’s last name in the last document! As in the example above, the bolded and!
! Depending on the number of authors and the number of references, the exact wording may vary.
2.1 Single author (single document)
One template
Paraphrased ideas (Author’s family name, year of publication) !
An example
A comprehensive definition of SFC firstly proposed (Henninger, 2016).
2.2 Two authors (single document)
One template
Paraphrased ideas (Author A’s family name and Author B’s family name, year of publication).
One example
The SFC concept and SFC industry only emerged in China in 2015 (Min and Ko,2017.
2.3 Three and more. Authors (single document)
–Template
Paraphrased ideas (First author’s family name et al, year of publication)
One example
SFC with the environmental harms caused by clothing production (Castro-L6pez et al, 2021).
2.4 Comprehensive authorship (multiple publications)
–Template
Paraphrased ideas (last name of author of document A, year of publication of document A; last name of author of document B, year of publication of document B and last name of author of document X, year of publication of document X)
–Examples
The Concept of SFC then emerges, . but is explained by the three concepts of eco fashion, ethical fashion and green) fashion together (Henninger et al., 2016; Blazquez et al, 2020 and Castro -L6pez et al, 2021).
