Identify the source
Quotations in an article should include the author’s full initials (last name only) and the year of publication after the quote. As exemplified by “Gatsby’s deeply emotional choices flashed frequently in the storyline, as his emotional outbursts turned again to Daisy” (Fitzgerald, 2004).
When the author is known
If the author’s name has already been stated in the article, then it is sufficient to add the year of publication, similar to “In the novel, Fitzgerald suggests that Gatsby sees Nick Carraway as a confidant by depicting him in a tattered sweatshirt” (2004).
Adding page references
If you need to cite specific pages of material from a book, the page numbers should be clearly labelled so that readers can verify them, taking care to display the page numbers correctly to prevent the risk of misclassification as a false citation and leading to academic plagiarism. For example, “Knapp and Cropley state that adults’ motivation to learn is influenced by their attitudes, values, and self-perceptions, and depends to a large extent on their ability to learn. This observation is derived from page 44 of their book, 1991.”
The case of multiple authors
When referring to two or more authors, the last name of each should be added in order. For example, “Brightly coloured objects tend to convey emotions, while black and white drawings tend to have a strong visual impact” (Lazzari and Schreitzer, 2011).
Multiple authors with etal.
When multiple authors are involved, it is common to list the name of the first author and then add the words “et al.” after that. E.g., Porter et al. in their study elaborated that “most newborns in Filipino Catholic families wait at home before completing their baptisms, with the aim of safeguarding their physical health and safety.”
The category of anecdotes
When confronted with resources that are oral in nature, such as the lecture category, the citation can draw on the format of published literature, including the lecturer and the date of his or her presentation. For example: unpublished early human research challenges some of the concepts in current textbooks” (Barker, 1996).
Citing transcripts of conversations
If the cited information originates from everyday conversations, such as remarks made by a teacher or instructor, the following template can be followed: “A research study from the Leicester Student Learning Centre revealed that numerous students wish to improve their writing skills and eagerly look to others for help and guidance. This is the view of Maria Lorenzini (pers comm).”
Critical citation: eliminating error-prone aspects of academic papers
