Scholars studying abroad need to be fully aware of and have a good grasp of research methodology as it is directly related to their ability to competently research for their dissertation. Research methodology, in turn, is subdivided into two basic paths: qualitative research and quantitative research. In this paper, we will analyse these two types of research methods in detail, so as to help you, the inquisitive ones, to better understand and apply them.
I. What are qualitative and quantitative research?
1. Qualitative Research: This kind of research is suitable for studying phenomena that are difficult to quantify. Focusing on the essential characteristics of things, it explores human behaviours, experiences, concepts, etc. from multiple perspectives through observation and interpretation, and seeks to grasp people’s cognitive patterns and emotional experiences. For example, when studying a bookcase, one may find that it is made in Italy, the tone is inclined to dark colours, etc. These are all conclusions drawn through observation, there are certain subjective components, different people may have a unique interpretation.
2. Quantitative Research: This is the collection and processing of data through mathematical and statistical techniques to gain insight into the truth of the phenomenon and produce accurate and objective results. For example, a bookcase can be studied to obtain specific numerical information, such as the height of the bookcase is 3 metres, weighs 30 kilograms, and has a collection of 15 books, and so on. Compared with qualitative research, quantitative research focuses more on objective and accurate presentation of facts.
II. In-depth analyses on qualitative and quantitative research
1. Qualitative and quantitative research have their own merits: qualitative research aims to expand the depth of human knowledge and bring us closer to the truth; quantitative research powerfully reveals the connection between phenomena and their resulting consequences. Qualitative research focuses on unravelling the complex interconnections between people and events, while quantitative research provides a better insight into cause and effect. The answers of qualitative research are usually reflected in the text, while quantitative research presents the results in the form of numbers.
2. Tools: Qualitative research is commonly used in field surveys, questionnaires, individual interviews, focus group discussions, etc. Quantitative research is based on mathematical models such as graphical analyses, quantitative comparisons, and regression coefficient measurements.
3. Areas of application: qualitative research is often widely used in anthropology, social sciences, cultural studies and other fields; quantitative research is prominent in economics, political science, education and other subject areas.
Third, the study method:
1. Understand the definition: figuring out the difference between qualitative research and quantitative research is a prerequisite for completing an excellent dissertation. Understand the advantages of each research and learn to apply them selectively.
2. Hands-on: Mastering hands-on skills is the only way to cope with all kinds of research writing challenges. Participate in academic research projects or conduct experiments on your own to accumulate experience and improve your level.
3. Refinement of theory: Refer to authoritative books or literature, focus on research methodology training, and continuously deepen your understanding of cutting-edge research trends in academia.
4. Pay attention to differences: Research methods may vary in different disciplines. Scholars should pay close attention to and learn new research methods in order to broaden their horizons.
Generally speaking, qualitative research and quantitative research have their own specific scope of application and application examples. It is important to choose the right research method in academic research writing, and only by understanding and learning how to use them can you successfully complete your studies.
