Citations can be formatted in the form of in-text notes, footnotes, and endnotes, and instead of footnotes or endnotes, in-text notes are generally used in MLA and APA formats. In this paper, we analyse the difference between the two citations.
First, the role of different
1, mla format: for the United States Modern Language Association to develop a paper guide format.
2, apa format: for research in the field of social sciences, standardise the citation of academic literature and the method of writing references.
Second, the text folder notes are different
Notes should include the author’s name, book title, place of publication, publisher, publication time and page number. When the citation is shorter, it should be enclosed in double inverted commas, the citation and the text into one. If the author has appeared in the text, the notes will no longer list the author’s name; when the citation is longer (four lines or more than four lines), the citation should be in a separate paragraph, indented five spaces, without inverted commas; more than one author in the second time being referred to can be used in the first author’s last name plus et al; citation is a translation of the material should be specified in the original publication time and translation time. MLA format requires that the author’s last name and the number of pages, and there is no comma between them. APA format requires the author’s name and date of publication in parentheses, and other information about the citation can be found in the bibliography.
(1) In the case of MLA format, the basic format for a direct in-text citation is this:
Jay Kesan notes that even though many companies now routinely monitor
employees through electronic means, “there may exist less intrusive safeguards
for employers” (293).
Yet the APA format is such that:
Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) reported that “the current state of the treatment
for obesity is similar to the state of the treatment of hypertension several decades ago” (P. 600).
(2) If two authors
According to Sothern and Gordon (2003), “Environmental factors may contribute
as much as 80% to the causes of childhood obesity” (p. 104).
Obese children often engage in limited physical activity (Sothern & Gordon, 2003, p. 104).
(3) For some online sources, if there is no date, replace it with “n.d.” (no date), if there is no page number, see if the paragraph is labelled, and if it is labelled, mark the paragraph, e.g. (Hall, 2008, para. 5), and if there is a subheading, then you can put the subheading in brackets, and then put the paragraph under the subheading. Then put the paragraph number under the sub-heading, e.g.:
Children struggling to control their weight must also struggle with the pressures of
Children struggling to control their weight must also struggle with the pressures of television advertising that, on the one hand, encourages the consumption of junk food and, on the other, celebrity advertising.
Children struggling to control their weight must also struggle with the pressures of television advertising that, on the one hand, encourages the consumption of junk food and, on the other, celebrates thin celebrities (“Television,” 2002).
Footnotes are different from endnotes.
Footnotes are written four lines below the last line of the page. If there are more than two footnotes on the page, the footnotes need to be separated from each other. In the text of the quotation (direct or indirect) at the top of the Arabic numerals, footnotes are also marked with the corresponding figures. Footnotes must be in the same font as the main text and may be single-spaced, but there should be 1.5 lines between adjacent footnotes. In the MLA specification, footnotes should only be considered in the following two cases: (1) to provide a certain degree of importance, but written into the text will be detrimental to the text of the organisation and logic of the explanatory information.
(2) To provide information about the source of a document that is too large for a parenthetical note. Footnotes in the APA specification can be used only in the first case above.
Endnotes should be placed on a separate page, at the end of the chapter, labelled Notes, and printed on separate lines. Arabic numerals should be placed above the quotation, and the endnotes should be labelled accordingly
Example: E. Nwezeh, “The Comparative Approach To Modern African Literature, Yearbook of General and Comparative Literature, no. 28 (1979): 22.
IV. Citing the Whole Literature
There are two cases when quoting the whole literature.
(1) The author’s surname does not appear in the text.
MLA:Charlotte and Emily Bronte” were polar opposites, not only in theirpersonalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.(Taylor)
APA:Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in theirpersonalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.(Taylor, 1990)
(2). The authors’ surnames have appeared in the same sentence in the text.
MLA: Parenthetical entries are not required.
APA: Repetition of the author’s last name in parenthetical inclusions is not required, if both the last name and the year of publication of the document have already appeared.
When citing Chinese works or journals in English papers, only the author’s surname should be indicated in the parenthetical notes in Hanyu Pinyin, and no Chinese characters should be used, e.g., MLA:(Zhu 12) APA:(Zhang,2005).
V. Specific points or words in the cited literature
Citation of a specific point of view in the literature or a specific point of view in the literature or text specific point of view or text must indicate that the point of view or the text of the paragraph appeared in the page number, there is no page number is not standardised performance of the literature cited. Example.
MLA: Monasteries in medieval Europe were not short of speculations about Greek inventions (Marcuse 190-203).
APA : New mark (1988, pp. 39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry): (b) authoritative statements political speeches and (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry): (b) authoritative statements political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged (b) authoritative statements political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (C) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).
Note the method of page numbering when citations exceed one page in these examples: the MLA norm is (Marcuse 190-203) and the APA norm is (1988, pp. 39-40).
