(1)主题式
对于自己要研究的主题进行组织讨论，对各相关的问题归结于不同标题下，进行整理分析后，在将不同标题连接起来
(2)年代顺序.
从最早存在的信息开始对历史演变、且前情况、未来发展趋势作为纵向描述，可以清晰看到此专题的来龙去脉，可以有层次的描述专题的发展方向在检索文献和下载文献之前，我们也要遵循下面的
原则:
●题目相关看摘要，摘要相关看全文。
●在文中有你想要溯源的文献，去文未查看参考文献。
●pub med中也会把高相似文献列在下方，一并按照12筛选。
Literature Review写作步骤:
一、概述已有文献
可以采用以 下两种常见的顺序:
1.主题式顺序:适合于范围广泛、覆盖多个主题的文献综述
2.时间式顺序:适合于综述一一个主题的历史演变和发展情况
二、论证Research Gap
1.识别前人研究的局限性:对前人的研究进行总结和归纳并找到不足之处，可能是研究方法、研究对象、研究范围等方面的局限
2.提出自己的研究问题:提出能够填补前人研究的空白和解决存在的问题
3.将以上2点相结合，即可证明Research Gap的存在
三、结论
1.指出Research Gap:指出其重要性和可能带来的影响，同时也可以给出建议和之后研究的方向
2.强调贡献:明确指出本文献综述所做出的贡献
3.概括性小结:简明扼要地总结文献综述所研究的问题或主题，并提供回答或结论
Literature review注意避雷点:
①切忌看到什么写什么。写文献综述一定 要先整理笔记找出文献间的联系，介绍，总结，指出不足以及和自己文章的关联;
②不要直接写自己主观的评价，要学会批判式的用别人的观点来评价某一论点。自己在这-过程中扮演的是学术争端的观察者、演绎者;
④不要把Literature review写成一般的esay/paper, 着重表达自己的观点，而应该对文献进行综述。
⑤找的文献要典型，不要对一.些无关紧要的文献进行分析，其实跟topic关系不大，这样会致使整个文献综述看起来意义不大。
分析这一主题的细分领域已有什么研究:
Previous studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between …..
A number of authors have considered the effects of… (Smith, 2003; Jones, 2004).
从时间角度看前辈的研究:
In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
Early examples of research into X include .. (Smith,1962; Jones, 1974).
During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on…
从所采用的研究方法看前辈文献:
The vast majority of studies on X have been quantitative….
What we know about X is largely based on observational studies….
There are a number of large cross-sectional studies which suggest …
描述这个过程:目的+不定式
To determine whether .. the cells were incubated for…
To rule out the possibility that X, the participants were .. .
To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.
描述这个过程:用“for”来表达目的
For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand …
For the purpose of analysis, two segments were extracted from each …
For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ..
描述这个过程:在被动语中使用的动词
The data were normalised using…
Ethical approval was obtained from ..
Drugs were administered by icv injection…
