MLA格式是英文论文写作中最为常用的参考文献格式。许多留学小伙伴对MLA引用格式感到复杂,以下将详细解析MLA格式的使用方法。
MLA即Modern Language Association的缩写,是美国现代语言协会制定的论文指导格式,最新版为第8版。相较于APA、CMS等格式,MLA论文格式更为严谨,更为常用。
在使用MLA格式时,需注意该格式与其他论文格式有很大的区别,因此最重要的是了解其格式规则和结构。
MLA格式论文的基本规则特点:
1. MLA格式要求使用双倍行距。
2. MLA格式规定每个段落首行需缩进一个“Tab”的长度。
3. MLA格式要求段落与段落之间不留空行。
4. MLA格式规定在论文每一页的右上角标注Last Name和页码,如“Amy 3”。
MLA格式论文的基本结构:
前4行左对齐,依次为:学生姓名、任课老师姓名、课程号、写作日期。
第5行居中书写论文名。
第6行开始为正文,包括引言(Introduction)、主体(Body)、结论(Conclusion)等多个段落。
正文结束后,另起一页开始附上参考文献。
接下来,我们将探讨MLA引用格式写作细节,包括In-Text Citation(文内引用)和Works Cited(文末引用)。
MLA文内引用与Harvard和APA文献格式的主要区别在于MLA格式要求使用“作者姓+页码”的组合
例如:Wordsworth has pointed out that romantic poetry is characterized by “the spontaneous flow of intense emotion” (263). Or: Romantic poetry is characterized by “the spontaneous flow of intense emotion” (Wordsworth, 263).
当引用材料中有多个作者(超过三人)时,MLA格式需要使用“et al.”的缩写
例如:1)当作者不超过三位时:The authors argue that surface reading focuses on “what is obvious, perceptible, and comprehensible in the text” (Best and Marcus, 9).
Or: Best and Marcus argue that attention should be paid to the surface meaning of the text rather than the hidden meaning (9).
2)作者人数超过三人时:Franck and others point out that “current agricultural policies in the United States are harming the health of Americans” (327).
Or: They argue that farm subsidies funded by the US government are a contributing factor to obesity (Franck et al., 327).
在引用同一作者的不同文献时,在文内引用中需要标注出文献的名称
例如:1)同一作者的两篇文章:Lightenor believes that computers are not useful tools for young children (“Too Soon”, 38), but he also acknowledges that early exposure to computer games does promote small muscle development in young children in their second and third years (“Hand-Eye Development”, 17).
2)同一作者的两本书:Murray believes that writing is a “process” that “changes with the way we think” (Write to Learn, 6). In addition, Murray argues that the purpose of writing is to “bring one person’s thoughts and information into the mind of another” (A Writer Teaches Writing, 3).