Theme即主题/主旋律，就是知道你要写什么!
注:有论题的话一定要审题:分析每个单词的意思，划出重点词，再看整个论题的意思;根据思路列出一个mindmap,把自己对论题的理解写出来，并且将一些拓展开的想法都记录下来…
0拿捏方向后自己多少清楚应该用什么的论文格式往里套，论文格式基本可以google到的大体上区别不大但是reference有区别，还有要注意如果是写特别学术化的essay这些格式千万不能错了
2.确定Topic标题/题目
不可小觑标题的含金量，标题的选择可以直接决定essay的质量。
◎原因很简单，你选择的标题必须引起教授或者其他读者的兴趣;给他们想要开始阅读整篇essay的动力，你写了什么?如何展开论点…
3.Thesis论点
选论点其实就是自己对论述问题的见解和主张;
论点可以叛逆、可以与众不同、可以和普世价值相..但需要一些例子、文献等资料Support
注:着手开始写之前，要大量搜集资料，阅读能让你对背景有大致的了解。
4.梳理逻辑
选通过资料扩充脑海里有些想法
这时候可以列出你的论点: 一般都是3个论点，大论点下面分别列出小论点，方便你过会扩展思路。
★按照格式introduction, discussion, devel opment, and conclusion,有时候还有evaluation。可以尝试自己fill in the blanks,加上之前已经写好的论点，那基本上整个论文的框架就有了。
◆确立研究领域的背景和主题重要性
※A key aspectofX is ..
※X is a classic problem in .
※A prinmary concern of X is…
※X is of interest because…
※X is a cenwral concept n..
※X is a dominant feature of…
※X is a fundamental property of ..
※X is a fundamental property of ..
※Studies on x represent agrowing field.
※X is an increasingly important area in..
※The concepts of X and Y are central to ..
※X is at the heart of our understanding of
※X is attracting considerable crtical attention.
◆逢回顾相关学术文献
※Recent evidence suggests that .. .
※Recent evidence suggests that …
※Research in this area has shown that ..
※Studies of X show the importance of ..
※It has previously been observed that ..
※Several attempts have been made to ..
※Data from several studies suggest that ..
※Previous research has established that ..
※Recent work by historians has estab lished that ..
※Previous research comparing X and Y has found…
◆确立研究问题中的问题、争议和知识缺陷
※A much-debated question is whether ..
※Debate has long prevailed as to whether
※One major issue in early X research concerned ..
※To date there has been Ittle agreement on what ..
※The issue has grown in importance in light of recent ..
※There has been disagreement on the criteria for definingX.
※ One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ..
※In the literature on x, the importance of Y has been ..
※In many x, a debate is taking place between…
◆确立研究问题中的问题、争议和知识缺陷
※In this paper, we argue/identify/report/design that ..
※This paper aims to…
※The central thesis of this paper is that ..
※In the pages that follow, it will be argued that ..
※In this essay, I attempt to defend the view that ..
※Speifially, the following issues will be addressed:
※the study aims to assess the extent to which ..
※In the pages that follow, the following questions will be ..
※The specific objective of this study was to ..
※This study/paper examines ..
